Mechanisms of cellular tolerance to opiates and opioids

Mechanisms of cellular tolerance to opiates and opioids

Opiates and opioids are opioid receptor agonists. The alkaloids of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum are morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, etc. They are called opiates. The acetylation of alkaloids produces the semi-synthetic opiates diacetylmorphine (heroin),...
Benzodiazepine derivatives

Benzodiazepine derivatives

Benzodiazepine derivatives, anxiety–relieving anxiolytics, are called tranquilizers in the old way. Drugs of this group enhance the effects of GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid), the main inhibitory mediator in the central nervous system. They have a weak effect on...
About dissociative drugs

About dissociative drugs

Phencyclidine (PCP) was synthesized by Parke Davis Co. (USA) and used as a general anesthetic in humans in the last half of the 50s of this century. It was distributed under the name “Sernyl”. The use of PCP put a person into excellent surgical anesthesia...
Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines

The term “benzodiazepines” reflects the chemical affiliation to drugs with a 5-aryl-1,4-benzodiazepine structure, which appeared as a result of combining a benzene ring into a seven-membered diazepine ring. Various benzodiazepines are widely used in...
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